Generations of Catholics have admired this young saint, called her the "Little
Flower", and found in her short life more inspiration for their own lives than in volumes
by theologians.
Yet Therese died when she was 24, after having lived as
cloistered Carmelite for less than ten years. She never went on missions, never
founded a religious order, never performed great works. The only book of hers,
published after her death, was an brief edited version of her journal called "Story
of a Soul." (Collections of her letters and restored versions of her journals
have been published recently.) But within 28 years of her death, the public demand
was so great that she was canonized.
Over the years, some modern Catholics
have turned away from her because they associate her with over- sentimentalized
piety and yet the message she has for us is still as compelling and simple as
it was almost a century ago.
Therese was born in France in 1873, the pampered
daughter of a mother who had wanted to be a saint and a father who had wanted
to be monk. The two had gotten married but determined they would be celibate until
a priest told them that was not how God wanted a marriage to work! They must have
followed his advice very well because they had nine children. The five children
who lived were all daughters who were close all their lives.
Tragedy and
loss came quickly to Therese when her mother died of breast cancer when she was
four and a half years old. Her sixteen year old sister Pauline became her second
mother -- which made the second loss even worse when Pauline entered the Carmelite
convent five years later. A few months later, Therese became so ill with a fever
that people thought she was dying.
The worst part of it for Therese was
all the people sitting around her bed staring at her like, she said, "a string
of onions." When Therese saw her sisters praying to statue of Mary in her room,
Therese also prayed. She saw Mary smile at her and suddenly she was cured. She
tried to keep the grace of the cure secret but people found out and badgered her
with questions about what Mary was wearing, what she looked like. When she refused
to give in to their curiosity, they passed the story that she had made the whole
thing up.
Without realizing it, by the time she was eleven years old she
had developed the habit of mental prayer. She would find a place between her bed
and the wall and in that solitude think about God, life, eternity.
When
her other sisters, Marie and Leonie, left to join religious orders (the Carmelites
and Poor Clares, respectively), Therese was left alone with her last sister Celine
and her father. Therese tells us that she wanted to be good but that she had an
odd way of going about. This spoiled little Queen of her father's wouldn't do
housework. She thought if she made the beds she was doing a great favor!
Every
time Therese even imagined that someone was criticizing her or didn't appreciate
her, she burst into tears. Then she would cry because she had cried! Any inner
wall she built to contain her wild emotions crumpled immediately before the tiniest
comment.
Therese wanted to enter the Carmelite convent to join Pauline
and Marie but how could she convince others that she could handle the rigors of
Carmelite life, if she couldn't handle her own emotional outbursts? She had prayed
that Jesus would help her but there was no sign of an answer.
On Christmas
day in 1886, the fourteen-year-old hurried home from church. In France, young
children left their shoes by the hearth at Christmas, and then parents would fill
them with gifts. By fourteen, most children outgrew this custom. But her sister
Celine didn't want Therese to grow up. So they continued to leave presents in
"baby" Therese's shoes.
As she and Celine climbed the stairs to take off
their hats, their father's voice rose up from the parlor below. Standing over
the shoes, he sighed, "Thank goodness that's the last time we shall have this
kind of thing!"
Therese froze, and her sister looked at her helplessly.
Celine knew that in a few minutes Therese would be in tears over what her father
had said.
But the tantrum never came. Something incredible had happened
to Therese. Jesus had come into her heart and done what she could not do herself.
He had made her more sensitive to her father's feelings than her own.
She
swallowed her tears, walked slowly down the stairs, and exclaimed over the gifts
in the shoes, as if she had never heard a word her father said. The following
year she entered the convent. In her autobiography she referred to this Christmas
as her "conversion."
Therese be known as the Little Flower but she had
a will of steel. When the superior of the Carmelite convent refused to take Therese
because she was so young, the formerly shy little girl went to the bishop. When
the bishop also said no, she decided to go over his head, as well.
Her
father and sister took her on a pilgrimage to Rome to try to get her mind off
this crazy idea. Therese loved it. It was the one time when being little worked
to her advantage! Because she was young and small she could run everywhere, touch
relics and tombs without being yelled at. Finally they went for an audience with
the Pope. They had been forbidden to speak to him but that didn't stop Therese.
As soon as she got near him, she begged that he let her enter the Carmelite convent.
She had to be carried out by two of the guards!
But the Vicar General who
had seen her courage was impressed and soon Therese was admitted to the Carmelite
convent that her sisters Pauline and Marie had already joined. Her romantic ideas
of convent life and suffering soon met up with reality in a way she had never
expected. Her father suffered a series of strokes that left him affected not only
physically but mentally. When he began hallucinating and grabbed for a gun as
if going into battle, he was taken to an asylum for the insane. Horrified, Therese
learned of the humiliation of the father she adored and admired and of the gossip
and pity of their so-called friends. As a cloistered nun she couldn't even visit
her father.
This began a horrible time of suffering when she experienced
such dryness in prayer that she stated "Jesus isn't doing much to keep the conversation
going." She was so grief-stricken that she often fell asleep in prayer. She consoled
herself by saying that mothers loved children when they lie asleep in their arms
so that God must love her when she slept during prayer.
She knew as a Carmelite
nun she would never be able to perform great deeds. " Love proves itself by deeds,
so how am I to show my love? Great deeds are forbidden me. The only way I can
prove my love is by scattering flowers and these flowers are every little sacrifice,
every glance and word, and the doing of the least actions for love." She took
every chance to sacrifice, no matter how small it would seem. She smiled at the
sisters she didn't like. She ate everything she was given without complaining
-- so that she was often given the worst leftovers. One time she was accused of
breaking a vase when she was not at fault. Instead of arguing she sank to her
knees and begged forgiveness. These little sacrifices cost her more than bigger
ones, for these went unrecognized by others. No one told her how wonderful she
was for these little secret humiliations and good deeds.
When Pauline was
elected prioress, she asked Therese for the ultimate sacrifice. Because of politics
in the convent, many of the sisters feared that the family Martin would taken
over the convent. Therefore Pauline asked Therese to remain a novice, in order
to allay the fears of the others that the three sisters would push everyone else
around. This meant she would never be a fully professed nun, that she would always
have to ask permission for everything she did. This sacrifice was made a little
sweeter when Celine entered the convent after her father's death. Four of the
sisters were now together again.
Therese continued to worry about how she
could achieve holiness in the life she led. She didn't want to just be good, she
wanted to be a saint. She thought there must be a way for people living hidden,
little lives like hers. " I have always wanted to become a saint. Unfortunately
when I have compared myself with the saints, I have always found that there is
the same difference between the saints and me as there is between a mountain whose
summit is lost in the clouds and a humble grain of sand trodden underfoot by passers-by.
Instead of being discouraged, I told myself: God would not make me wish for something
impossible and so, in spite of my littleness, I can aim at being a saint. It is
impossible for me to grow bigger, so I put up with myself as I am, with all my
countless faults. But I will look for some means of going to heaven by a little
way which is very short and very straight, a little way that is quite new.
"
We live in an age of inventions. We need no longer climb laboriously up flights
of stairs; in well-to-do houses there are lifts. And I was determined to find
a lift to carry me to Jesus, for I was far too small to climb the steep stairs
of perfection. So I sought in holy Scripture some idea of what this life I wanted
would be, and I read these words: "Whosoever is a little one, come to me." It
is your arms, Jesus, that are the lift to carry me to heaven. And so there is
no need for me to grow up: I must stay little and become less and less."
She
worried about her vocation: " I feel in me the vocation of the Priest. I have
the vocation of the Apostle. Martyrdom was the dream of my youth and this dream
has grown with me. Considering the mystical body of the Church, I desired to see
myself in them all. Charity gave me the key to my vocation. I understood that
the Church had a Heart and that this Heart was burning with love. I understood
that Love comprised all vocations, that Love was everything, that it embraced
all times and places...in a word, that it was eternal! Then in the excess of my
delirious joy, I cried out: O Jesus, my Love...my vocation, at last I have found
it...My vocation is Love!"
When an antagonist was elected prioress, new
political suspicions and plottings sprang up. The concern over the Martin sisters
perhaps was not exaggerated. In this small convent they now made up one-fifth
of the population. Despite this and the fact that Therese was a permanent novice
they put her in charge of the other novices.
Then in 1896, she coughed
up blood. She kept working without telling anyone until she became so sick a year
later everyone knew it. Worst of all she had lost her joy and confidence and felt
she would die young without leaving anything behind. Pauline had already had her
writing down her memories for journal and now she wanted her to continue -- so
they would have something to circulate on her life after her death.
Her
pain was so great that she said that if she had not had faith she would have taken
her own life without hesitation. But she tried to remain smiling and cheerful
-- and succeeded so well that some thought she was only pretending to be ill.
Her one dream as the work she would do after her death, helping those on earth.
"I will return," she said. "My heaven will be spent on earth." She died on September
30, 1897 at the age of 24 years old. She herself felt it was a blessing God allowed
her to die at exactly that age. she had always felt that she had a vocation to
be a priest and felt God let her die at the age she would have been ordained if
she had been a man so that she wouldn't have to suffer.
After she died,
everything at the convent went back to normal. One nun commented that there was
nothing to say about Therese. But Pauline put together Therese's writings (and
heavily edited them, unfortunately) and sent 2000 copies to other convents. But
Therese's "little way" of trusting in Jesus to make her holy and relying on small
daily sacrifices instead of great deeds appealed to the thousands of Catholics
and others who were trying to find holiness in ordinary lives. Within two years,
the Martin family had to move because her notoriety was so great and by 1925 she
had been canonized.
Therese of Lisieux is one of the patron saints of the
missions, not because she ever went anywhere, but because of her special love
of the missions, and the prayers and letters she gave in support of missionaries.
This is reminder to all of us who feel we can do nothing, that it is the little
things that keep God's kingdom growing.